Biomarkers · Chemical
A plain-language description with its source has not been added for this biomarker yet. What the laboratories say about the tests that measure it is below.
What the laboratory says this test is for
Monitoring of parent compounds and their metabolites in urine. The results of this test are used in specific treatment programs to determine compliance with prescribed dosing schedules.
Quest Diagnostics test directory, test code 39012
What the laboratory says this test is for
Detection of in utero exposure to drugs of abuse consistent with maternal use during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy; Newborn (neonatal) toxicology.
Quest Diagnostics test directory, test code 94488
What the laboratory says this test is for
This test measures levels of buprenorphine and its metabolite norbuprenorphine in urine. Buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine are biomarkers for monitoring possible use or non-use of buprenorphine. The test is a definitive drug assay using the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) method of analysis. Buprenorphine is an opioid analgesic used for moderate to moderately severe pain. Formulated with naloxone, buprenorphine is used to treat opioid substance use disorders. Less than 11% of the dose is excreted as free and conjugated unchanged drug, while less than 14% is excreted as free and conjugated metabolites [1]. According to the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), testing drugs/drug metabolites is recommended and effective for detecting the use of relevant over-the-counter, prescribed, and nonprescribed drugs, as well as illicit substances in pain-management patients [2]. Laboratory testing is more effective than other physician tools for the detection of these substances and is useful for routine monitoring of adherence. Instances where unchanged drug is detected, but metabolite(s) is not, may be indicative of drug added to the specimen after collection (eg, pill shaving, drug spiking) [2]. Note: No single monitoring approach provides adequate information about the pattern or dose of patient drug use. Safest prescribing habits should include a combination of tools and laboratory test results to correctly detect drug use patterns. Urine drug test results equal to or greater than cutoff are reported as quantitative values and results less than cutoff are reported as negative. Quantitative values cannot be used to assess the drug dose because the drug is extensively metabolized and excreted in the urine. References 1. Suboxone® [package insert]. Vacaville, CA: ALZA Corp; 2018. 2. AACC. Using clinical laboratory tests to monitor drug therapy in pain management patients. November 2017. https://www.aacc.org/-/media/Files/Science-and-Practice/Practice-Guidelines/Pain-Management/LMPGPain-Management20171220.pdf. Accessed November 21, 2019.
Quest Diagnostics test directory, test code 39391
What the laboratory says this test is for
Patients treated with buprenorphine-naloxone co-formulation will demonstrate both naloxone and buprenorphine/norbuprenorphine drug analysis. Naloxone is not detected with buprenorphine-only use.
Quest Diagnostics test directory, test code 39373
What the laboratory says this test is for
The analysis of buprenorphine and metabolites is useful for the monitoring of compliance to drug therapy.
Quest Diagnostics test directory, test code 93031
What the laboratory says this test is for
The test is a screening assay using a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay method of analysis. Presumptive positive screen results are reflexed to a more specific and sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS) test. Therapeutic urine drug monitoring is important for ensuring compliance to treatment strategies, as well as ensuring non-diversion for illicit purposes. Urine or oral fluid are the specimens of choice for routine monitoring of patients taking prescription drugs. Use of serum/plasma should be limited to anuretic patients, or where a patient's clinical appearance does not coincide with their prescribed medications. No single monitoring approach provides adequate information about the pattern or dose of patient drug use. Safest prescribing habits should include a combination of tools and laboratory test results to correctly detect drug use patterns. Urine drug test results equal to or greater than cutoff are reported as positive and results less than cutoff are reported as negative. Quantitative values cannot be used to assess the drug dose, because the drug is extensively metabolized and excreted in the urine.
Quest Diagnostics test directory, test code 39430
Everything above is drawn from the named sources and shown as they published it. Reference ranges belong to the laboratory that issued them and the population it named; they are not a universal normal. This page describes the biomarker in general and does not interpret anyone's result. For your own numbers, talk to a clinician, or use Aumnivida, which reads the same graph next to your records.
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