Apolipoprotein B

What the laboratory says this test is for

This panel combines tests used in the diagnosis and management of cardiometabolic disease elements, including metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, diabetes, thyroid conditions, kidney, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease risk. This panel can help identify the presence and progression of cardiometabolic disease by assessing metabolic state and downstream effects on the liver, kidneys, and heart.It is estimated that as many as 45% of Americans have a chronic disease; more than half of older adults have multiple chronic conditions [1]. The related chronic cardiometabolic conditions are characterized by initial stages that may remain clinically silent for years.Medical societies, like the American Heart Association, recognize the interrelated impacts of metabolic risk factors (ie, obesity and diabetes), chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease, and the gap in early screening, prevention, and management of these chronic conditions [2,3]. Rising rates of metabolic dysfunction, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) also contribute to increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) [4]. Thyroid health may either be impacted by or exacerbate cardiometabolic conditions, such as CHD, NAFLD, and CKD [5-8].The Cardiometabolic Disease Assessment Panel includes guideline-recommended testing that spans interrelated areas of cardiometabolic disease to determine the extent of metabolic dysfunction (glycemic control and advanced lipid assessment), identify whether thyroid health contributes to or is altered by metabolic dysfunction, and adverse impacts to heart, liver, and kidney function [9-13]. Identification of cardiometabolic disease presence can help implement personalized treatment strategies that can prevent or delay disease progression and related complications.The results of this test should be interpreted in the context of pertinent clinical and family history and physical examination findings.References1. Raghupathi W, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(3):431. doi:10.3390/ijerph150304312. Ndumele CE, et al. Circulation. 2023;148(20):1636-1664. doi.org/10.1161/CIR.00000000000011863. Khan SS, et al. Circulation. 2024;149(6):430-449. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.0676264. Bril F, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(11):e4360-e4371. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab4175. Cappola AR, et al. Circulation. 2019;139(25):2892- 2909. doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.118.0368596. Kalra S, et al. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(6):2035-2044. doi:10.1007/s13300-019-00700-47. Mantovani A, et al. Thyroid. 2018;28(10):1270-1284. doi:10.1089/ thy.2018.02578. Iglesias P, et al. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18(1):131-144. doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9395-79. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S14-S31. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S00210 Arnett DK, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019. doi: 10.1161/CIR.000000000000067711. Cusi K, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines. 2022;28(5):P528-562. doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.03.01012. Rinella NE, et al. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-1835. doi:10.1097/HEP.000000000000032313. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4S):S117-S314. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018

What the laboratory says this test is for

Apolipoprotein A1 is the primary protein associated with HDL cholesterol. Like HDL cholesterol, increased concentrations are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein B-100 is the primary protein associated with LDL cholesterol and other lipid particles. Like LDL cholesterol, increased concentrations are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The ratio of these two apolipoproteins correlates with risk of cardiovascular disease.

What the laboratory says this test is for

Apolipoprotein A1 is the primary protein associated with HDL cholesterol. Like HDL cholesterol, increased concentrations are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein B-100 is the primary protein associated with LDL cholesterol and other lipid particles. Like LDL cholesterol, increased concentrations are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The ratio of these two apolipoproteins correlates with risk of cardiovascular disease.

What the laboratory says this test is for

Apolipoprotein B (APO B) has been reported to be a powerful indicator of CAD. In some patients with CAD, APO B is elevated even in the presence of normal LDL cholesterol.